Verb Phrases & Tenses

1.     Verb Phrases

Verbs are words that demonstrate an action, like sing, dance, smell, talk, and eat. They serve as a link between the subject of the verb and information about that subject. The information is usually descriptive.

In order to show activities that can be done, active verbs are used, while linking verbs describe conditions.

·         She smells the pizza. (active)  The wet dog smells awful. (linking)

·         He appears on screen as an actor. (active)  Tony appears angry. (linking)

Verb phrases take the verb one step further by comprising the verb, plus the complement, object, or adverb. Verb phrases, such as "She was walking quickly to the mall" comprise the verb (walking) and the complement (to the mall).

To learn more about verb phrases see Verb Phrase.

EXAMPLES

A verb phrase can be the predicate of the clause or sentence. A verb phrase can also be a phrase that functions as an adverb or adjective and contains a verb and its complements, objects, or modifiers.

Phrase Is the Predicate of the Sentence

Following are some verb phrase examples where the verb phrase is the predicate of a sentence. In this case, the verb phrase consists of the main verb plus any auxiliary, or helping, verbs.

·         She was walking quickly to the mall.

·         He should wait before going swimming.

·         Those girls are not trying very hard.

·         Ted might eat the cake.

·         You must go right now.

·         You can’t eat that!

·         My mother is fixing us some dinner.

·         Words were spoken.

·         These cards may be worth hundreds of dollars!

·         The teacher is writing a report.

·         You have woken up everyone in the neighborhood.

Phrase Functions as an Adverb or Adjective

Some verb phrases have a single function which means it can act like an adverb or an adjective. The phrase would include the verb and any modifiers, complements, or objects.

·         Texting on his phone, the man swerved into a ditch.

·         As the cat watched, the two puppies fought over a bone.

·         The small dog was reluctant to learn new things.

·         When he arrives, we can try to build a fort.

·         Finally, we can afford to buy a new house.

·         Walking on the ice, she slipped and fell.

·         Open the door to let the fresh air in.

·         To make lemonade, you first need some lemons.

·         It takes two people to tango.

All of these different verb phrases demonstrate how the dependents of the verb provide important useful information for the reader about the action in the sentence. Verb phrases help to make your text more informative and meaningful and they are essential to clear writing.

2.     Tenses

a.    Simple Present Tense

A sentence is presented in simple present tense when it is used to describe an action that's happening at present and does not indicate when the action is expected to end. Simple present tense is used when:

·         The action that is taking place in general.

·         The action is not only occurring now; it repeats after regular intervals of time.

·         To indicate facts those are generally true.

·         The action for relating habits and routines that happen all the time, be it in the future, past or present.

Structure:
Verb "+s/es" form is used;

·         If subject is 3rd person singular. The verb is used in its original form;

·         If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person singular.

·         If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person plural.

·         If subject is 3rd person plural.

Some Examples:

·         The sun sets in the west.

·         All the cars stop at this crossing.

·         Michael teaches social studies in a school.

·         That notice reads, “No parking”.

·         Rajdhani leaves at seven in the morning.

·         The teacher said if she works hard she will pass.

·         There goes the taxi.

·         Do you play tennis?

·         He does not go to the temple.

·         Does he write novels?

b.    Present Progressive Or Present Continous

Though the simple present and present continuous tenses are used interchangeably, present continuous usually defines an act that is going on at the time of speaking.

The sentences with present progressive tense are used when:

·         Something is taking place now, while speaking and has a definite end as well.

·         When something is already decided and arranged as well to perform it.

·         To indicate an undesirable habit.

Structure:

·         Use first form of the verb “+ing”

·         Singular 3rd person subject — use ‘is’

·         Plural 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and singular 2nd person subject — use ‘are’

·         1st person singular — use ‘am’

In other words, it is "Subject + be (is, am, are) + Verb+ -ing + Object"

Some Examples:

·         Please wait for a moment, Shyam is talking to Mary.

·         We are late; he will be waiting for us at the restaurant now.

·         Mom, I am playing football.

·         Are they still living here?

·         She is having her breakfast now.

·         I’m planning to meet the Director tonight.

c.    Present Perfect Tense

It's probably the most used tense form in English Grammar and is also considered difficult to understand. The Present Perfect Tense explains the incident that has happened in the past and that continues until the present time.

Examples

·         For almost five generations, my family members have been engineers.

·         In order to avoid delays in my work, I have been doing it regularly.

·         I have always wanted to ride on this vehicle.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 
Usually, Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for a situation that has occurred in the past and which continues until that moment.

Structure:

·         Use the first form of the verb + “–ing”

·         Singular subject (has been), Plural subject or I (have been)

·         ‘Since’— if the point of time is mentioned.

·         ‘For’ — if the duration of time is specified.

Examples:

·         I have been eating apples today.

·         You have not been studying for the past month.

·         We haven’t been playing with Mary since Tuesday.

d.    Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to narrate an action of the past. The verb in the past tense ends with an '-ed' and hence, there are seven ways of marking the irregular verbs in the past tense. The most common being the change of the vowel as in 'drink' - 'drank'.

Construction
Subject + verb + Object

Examples:

·         Katie worked in that office for almost four years.

·         He passed away in 1999.

·         We went for the movie yesterday.

·         Three years ago, I studied at the Canada University.

e.    Past Continous Tense

This from of tense indicates activities that have already happened in the past and have been completed before the time of mention. These sentences are formed with the help of an auxiliary verb and giving the main verb an 'ing' ending.

Structure 
Subject + was/were + Verb in its -ing form + Object

Examples:

·         He was washing the dishes, while she was cooking dinner.

·         I was working at 11p.m yesterday.

·         We were playing football when it started to rain.

·         She was reading a thriller novel when I called her.

·         What were you doing when Sam arrived?

·         I was walking down the street yesterday when the police van was patrolling the city.

Past Perfect Tense
This tense refers to a non-continuous action that was already completed in the past. Such sentences are formed by using the Simple Past form of the auxiliary verb 'to have', followed by the past participle form of the verb.

Structure 
Subject + had + past participle form of verb + Object

Example:

·         I had never seen such a beautiful before.

·         She understood the movie only because she had read the book.

·         Clara had never been to a club before last night.

·         We didn’t get a room in the hotel because we had not booked in advance.

f.     Past Perfect Continuous Tense

A continuous action that was completed sometime in the past falls under Past Perfect Continuous tense. Such sentences are framed by using the modal, 'had' + 'been' + the present participle of the verb (-ing).

Structure:
Subject + had + been + Verb (ing) + object

Example:

·         I had been playing the guitar all morning.

·         I had been sleeping all the way from the beginning of the class.

·         He had been trying to call her.

·         Until this year, Neha had been going to a village school.

·         The baby had been crying out loud for minutes when her mother fed her.

g.    Simple Future Tense

This tense is used for those sentences which refer to the actions which will occur later, in future. This requires a future tense auxiliary verb even though the verb would be unmarked.

Examples:

·         You will be done before me.

·         She will not come tomorrow.

·         Will you come to play with me after school?

·         I will keep in touch with you.

·         I will reach home by 7p.m.

·         He will stay with us for 3 days.

h.    Future Continuous Tense

This tense defines those acts which will be continued at a future point of time. In order to form a future continuous tense sentence, a future auxiliary verb is required followed by a main verb that ends with -ing.

Structure:
'will' + 'be' + present participle of the verb (ing).

Construction

·         Use first form of the verb (+ing)

·         1st and 2nd person — ‘Shall be’

·         3rd person — ‘Will be’

However, nowadays this distinction of 'will' and 'shall' is not followed. Instead, 'will' is used wherever absolute conviction is required to be expressed while the usage of 'shall' depends on individual writing style.

Examples:

·         We assume that our representative will be winning the elections that are to be held at the end of April.

·         Today, she will be walking all the way to her house from her office.

·         I will be watching the new movie next week.

·         By this time tomorrow, I will be at home watching T.V.

i.      Future Perfect Tense

This tense is used to express an act that is predicted to be finished within a certain span of time in the future. Such sentences are formed by 'will' + 'have' + 'past participle of the verb'.

Examples:

·         By the end of the year, he will have saved enough for his sister’s wedding.

·         You will have left for London by the time this bridge gets renewed.

·         Calvin will have gone by the time you reach there by bus.

·         I will have walked 15 kms by this time.

·         How long will it have been since we were here together?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense
This tense form indicates an action that is continuous and, at some point in the future, it will be completed. It is formed using the modal 'will/shall' + 'have' + 'been' + 'the past participle of the verb (-ing)'.

Examples:

·         Next Saturday, I will have been working on this assignment for three years.

·         Tomorrow, at this time, I shall have been playing cricket since morning.

·         I will have been studying English for two hours by the time you arrive here. 

Tenses are critical to sensible and flawless language. They help you convey your ideas clearly by way of words. They help indicate the time of the statement and provide the reader with a crystal-clear picture of incidents. With mere practice, you will be able to grab all the concepts of the correct usage of the tenses.

Read more at http://fos.iloveindia.com/types-of-tenses.html#b2VejgKjtfBKuyTJ.99
Read more at http://examples.yourdictionary.com/verb-phrase-examples.html#xigLRCgt68h2ltvT.99

Subject, Verb, Modifier & Complement

SUBJECT

Subject complement is a noun , pronoun , adjective , or another construction (acting as a noun or adjective ) following verbs of being or linking verb and serves to explain or refer to the subject of the sentence .

Subject complement is divided into three , namely : predicate adjective ( subjects connected with the adjective ) , predicate noun ( subject associated with the noun ) , and predicate pronoun ( subject connected with the pronoun ) .

For example:

* He is a really nice guy.

* “He” is the subject of the sentence, controlling the verb and the complement.

* My dog attacked the burglar.

* “My dog” is the subject, controlling the verb and the rest of the sentence.

* David plays the piano

* The subject “David” performs the action of “playing the piano”.

* The police interviewed all the witnesses.

* The subject the police performs the action of interviewing all the witnesses.

To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the verb and then make a question by placing “who?” or “what?” before it. Having identified the Subject, we can see that the remainder of the sentence tells us what the Subject does or did. We refer to this string as the “predicate” of the sentence.

For example:

* Who plays the piano?

=> “David” ( = Subject)

=> “plays the piano” ( = predicate) tells us what David does.

* Who interviewed all the witnesses?

=> “The police” (= Subject)

=> “interviewed all the witnesses” ( = predicate) tell us what the police did.

Subjects can either be “simple”, “compound” or “complex”

·         Simple Subject

Composed of a single pronoun, noun or noun phrase.

·         Complex Subject

A complex subject consists of a noun phrase and any words, phrases, or clauses that modify it.

For example:

* The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.

=> central noun: man

=> complex subject: the man who had followed us inside

* The superior performance of La Traviata pleased the wealthy audience.

=> central noun: performance

=> complex subject: the superior performance of La Traviata

·         Compound Subject

A compound subject consists of two or more noun phrases (and their modifiers if any) joined together with a coordinating conjunction.

For example:

* The man and the woman walked over to the telephone.

=> The compound subject here is the whole phrase, “the man and the woman.”

* Neither the superior performance of La Traviata nor the excellent wine at intermission pleased the wealthy audience.

=> Again, the whole phrase, “neither the superior performance of La Traviata nor the excellent wine at intermission,” is the subject. The phrase answers the question, “What pleased the wealthy audience?”

VERB

verb ( verb ) is a function word to indicate the action of the subject , showing events or circumstances . Verb is one of the eight parts of speech .

English verbs are not always simple shape ( one word ) , but may be the result of a combination of phrases into phrasal verbs with particle ( get in , make-up , read over ) .

For example:

* Paul rides a bicycle.
* Here, the verb rides certainly denotes an action which Paul performs – the action of riding a bicycle.
* We buy some books to learn English verbs.
* In this example, the action word is “to buy”. It tells us that the subject “we”, that is the person who performs the action of the verb is “buying some books”.

The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject.

Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs are expressed in “tenses” which place everything in a point in time.

Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used. There are two general areas in which conjugation occurs; for person and for tense.

Conjugation for tense
Conjugation for tense is carried out on all verbs. All conjugations start with the infinitive form of the verb.
The infinitive is simply the to form of the verb For example, to begin.
The present participle form (the -ing form), is formed by adding ing to the bare infinitive. For example, to begin – beginning.
There are two other forms that the verb can take, depending on the tense type and time, the simple past form and the past participle.

The form of the verb or its tense can tell when events take place.
For example, the verb kiss:

Present Simple: kiss/kisses
Past Simple: kissed
Future Simple: will kiss
Present Perfect: has/have kissed
Past Perfect: had kissed
Future Perfect: will have kissed
Present Continuous (Progressive): is/am/are kissing
Past Continuous (Progressive): was kissing
Future Continuous (Progressive): will be kissing
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive): has/have been kissing
Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive): had been kissing
Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive): will have been kissing

Conjugation for person
Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject. This gives three conjugations for any verb depending on who is acting as the subject of the verb. For example: we have I begin, you begin , and he begins. Note that only the third conjunction really shows a difference.

In English, we distinguish between regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs are those ones which form their past simple and past participle just by adding “-ed” to the base of the verb. The rest are irregular.
Examples:

* Dracula bites his victims on the neck.
* In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.
* She travels to work by train.
* We walked five miles to a garage.

COMPLEMENT

A complement is the part of a Sentence that comes after the VERB and is needed to make the sentence complete. The following are the most important types of complement used in English:

1.      SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
Eg: He’s a surveyor. (The Subject is completed by the complement to the verb. This is a Copula
Verb.
b.  OBJECT COMPLEMEN
Eg: She sent him the fax. (The setence is completed by telling us what she sent to him.)
c.   ADJECTIVAL COMPLEMENT
Eg: They’ll be happy. (The sentence is completed by the Adjective; this could be extended further,
they’ll be happy to see us, etc..)
d.  PREPOSITIONAL COMPLEMENT
Eg: They talked about what needed doing. (The setence is completed by the Phrase linked to
the verb by the Preposition.)

MODIFIER

tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it’s a prepositional phrase. Prepotional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.
Note :
A modifier of time usually comes last if more than one modifier is present.
Example of prepositional phrases :
In the morning, at university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase :
Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
Example : John bought a book at the bookstore
(modifier place)
Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday
(modifier of place)(modifier of time)
Note :
The modifier normally follows the complement, but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it’s a prepositional phrase, usually can’t separate the verb and the complement.
Example : She drove the car on the street
(verb) (complement)

EXAMPLE :

1.      George       is cooking          dinner                 tonight

Subject      Verb Phrase    Complement      Modifier of Time

2.      Henry and Marcia   have visited         the president

Subject                Verb Phrase         Complement

3.      We        can eat            lunch            in this restaurant            today

Subject       Verb         Complement     Modifier of Place    Modifier of Time

4.      Pat           should have bought     gasoline                yesterday

Subject          Verb Phrase          Complement       Modifier of Time

5.      Tress          grow

Subject        Verb

6.      It             was raining     at seven o’clock this morning

Subject     Verb Phrase             Modifier of Time

7.      She            opened      a checking account         at the bank                last week

Subject            Verb            Complement         Modifier of Place     Modifier of Time

8.      Harry          is washing         dishes                right now

Subject       Verb Phrase    Complement     Modifier of Time

9.      She            opened        her book

Subject          Verb       Complement

10.  Paul, William and Mary   were watching       television        a few minutes ago

Subject                 Verb Phrase         Complement     Modifier of Time

SUMBER :

http://yebeblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/subject-verb-complement-modifier.html

http://a2b-abrory.blogspot.com/2014/03/subject-verb-complement-modifier.html

http://tugaskuliah-adit.blogspot.com/2013/05/exercise-1-subject-verb-complement-and.html

http://suradharmadwiputra.blogspot.com/

Review Tugas Softskill Etika Bisnis ke-10

PERAN SISTEM PENGATURAN GOOD DOVERNANCE TUGAS MATA KULIAH ETIKA BISNIS

Pengertian Good Governance

Good Governance adalah Istilah Good Governance berasal dari induk bahasa Eropa, Latin, yaitu Gubernare yang diserap oleh bahasa inggris menjadi govern, yang berarti steer (menyetir, mengendalikan), direct (mengarahkan), atau rule (memerintah). Penggunaan utama istilah ini dalam bahasa inggris adalah to rule with authority, atau memerintah dengan kewenangan.

Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance

Berdasarkan pengertian Good Governance oleh Mardiasmo dan Bank Dunia yang disebutkan di atas dan sejalan dengan tuntutan reformasi yang berkaitan dengan aparatur Negara termasuk daerah adalah perlunya mewujudkan administrasi negara yang mampu mendukung kelancaran dan keterpaduan pelaksanaan tugas, dan fungsi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pembangunan maka menuntut penggunaan konsep good governance sebagai kepemerintahan yang baik relevan dan berhubungan satu dengan lainnya.

Komite Governansi Korporat di Negara-negara maju menjabarkan prinsip governansi korporat menjadi lima kategori, yaitu: 

1. hak pemegang saham,
2. perlakuan yang fair bagi seluruh pemegang saham,
3. peranan konstituen dalam governansi korporat,
4. pengungkapan dan transparansi dan 
5. tanggung jawab dierksi dan komisaris.

.  Dalam hal ini ada Sembilan karakteristik good governance dari United Nation Development Program (UNDP) :

1.      Partisipasi

2.      Rule of Law

3.      Transparansi

4.      Responsif

5.      Berorientasi pada consensius

6.      Keadilan

7.      Efektif dan Efisien

8.      Akuntabilitas

9.      Strategic Vision

10.  Commision of Human (Hak Asasi Manusia)

11.  Hak Asasi Manusia adalah hak-hak yang telah dipunyai seseorag sejak dalam kandungan.HAM adalak hak fundamental yang tidak dapat dicabut yang tak dapat dicabut yang mana karena ia adalah seorang manusia

Review Tugas Softskill Etika Bisnis ke-9

Memberikan Contoh Tentang Perilaku Bisnis Yang Melanggar Etika

1.      KORUPSI

            Korupsi sebagai tingkah laku individu yang menggunakan wewenang dan jabatan guna mengeruk keuntungan pribadi, merugikan kepentingan umum dan negara

A.  Sebab-Sebab Korupsi

1.      Gaji yang rendah

2.      Kurang sempurnanya peraturan perundang-undangan

3.      Administrasi yang lamban dan sebagainya.

B.  Faktor Yang memicu Korupsi (BPKP) :

1.      Aspek Individu Pelaku

2. Sifat Tamak Manusia
3. Moral yang kuat
4. Penghasilan yang kurang mencukupi
5. Kebutuhan hidup yang mendesak
6. Gaya hidup yang konsumtif
7. Malas dan tidak mau bekerja
8. Ajaran Agama yang kurang di terapkan.
9. Aspek Organisasi
10. Kurang adanya sikap keteladanan pimpinan
11. Tidak adanya kultur organisasi yang benar
12. Sistem akuntabilitas yang benar kurang memadai
13. Sistem pengendalian manajemen lemah
14. Aspek Tempat Individu dan Organisasi Berada
15. Nilai-nilai di komunitas kondusif untuk terjadinya korupsi
16. Komunitas kurang menyadari bahwa korupsi bisa di berantas bila komunitas ikut aktif
17. Aspek perundang-undangan yang kurang kuat

C.   Akibat Korupsi

1. Tata Ekonomi
2. Tata Social Budaya
3. Tata Politik
4. Tata Administrasi

D.  Cara Mengatasi Korupsi

• Preventif

            Preventif, merupakan suatu pengendalian sosial yang dilakukan untuk mencegah kejadian yang belum terjadi.

·           Represif

            Represif, merupakan suatu pengendalian sosial yang dilakukan setelah terjadinya suatu pelanggaran.

2. PEMALSUAN

Tindak pidana kejahatan yang membuat seolah-olah sebuah hal terlihat benar adanya.

A.   Pemalsuan melanggar dua norma dasar :

• Kebenaran
• Ketertiban Masyarakat

B.   Bentuk Pemalsuan

1. Sumpah Palsu

2. Pemalsuan Uang

3. Pemalsuan Materai

Pemalsuan materai merugikan pemerintah karena pembelian materai adalah semacam pajak dan pemalsuan materai berakibat berkurangnya pajak ke kas Negara. Diatur dalam pasal 253 KUHP.

3. PEMBAJAKAN

            Pembajakan merupakan sebuah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan berbagai macam aktifitas ilegal atau pemalsuan yang berkaitan dengan dunia bisnis.

A.   Alasan Seseorang Melakukan Pembajakan

• Harga dapat dijual jauh lebih murah di bandingkan aslinya
• Dampak penyebaran dan perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat di dunia
• Resiko bisnis sangat rendah karena menjanjikan biaya produksi dan overhead yang sangat murah
• Memiliki pasar potensial yang sangat besar

B.   Beberapa Bentuk Strategi Anti Pembajakan

• Warning Strategy
• Withdrawal Strategy
• Prosecution Strategy
• Monitoring Strategy

Review Tugas Softskill Etika Bisnis Ke-8

CONTOH PERILAKU BISNIS YANG MELANGGAR ETIKA
(Diskriminasi Gender, Konflik Sosial, Masalah Polusi)

PENGERTIAN ETIKA

Istilah Etika berasal dari bahasa Yunani kuno.Bentuk tunggal kata 'etika' yaitu ethossedangkan bentuk jamaknya yaitu ta etha. Ethos mempunyai banyak arti yaitu : tempat tinggal yang biasa, padang rumput, kandang, kebiasaan/adat, akhlak,watak, perasaan, sikap, cara berpikir. Sedangkan arti ta etha yaitu adat kebiasaan.

PENGERTIAN BISNIS

Berikut ini ada beberapa pengertian bisnis menurut para ahli :

•Allan afuah (2004)

Bisnis adalah suatu kegiatan usaha individu yang terorganisasi untuk menghasilkan dana menjual barang ataupun jasa agar mendapatkan keuntungan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat dan ada di dalam industry

• T. chwee (1990)

Bisnis merupaka suatu sistem yang memproduksi barang dan jasa untuk memuaskan kebutuhan masyarakat.

• Grifin dan ebert

Bisnis adalah suatu organisasi yang mennyediakan barang atau jasa yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan.

• Steinford

Bisnis adalah suatu lembaga yang menghasilkan barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan masyarakat.

• Musselman dan jackson (1992)

Bisnis adalah jumlah seluruh kegiatan yang diorganisir orang-orang yang berkecimpung dalam bidang perniagaan dan industry yag menyediakan barang atau jasa ontuk mempertahankan dan memperbaiki standard serta kualitas hidup mereka.

•Boone dan kurtz (2002;8)

Bisnis adalah semua aktivitas aktivitas yang bertujuan memcari laba dan perusahyaan yag meghasilkan barag serta jasa yang dibutuhkan oleh sebuah sistem ekonomi.

•Hughes dan kapoor dalam alma (1889;21)

Bisnis adalah suatu kegiatan individu yang terorganisasi untuk menghasilkan dan menjual barang dan jasa guna mendapatkan keuntungan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat.

PENGERTIAN ETIKA BISNIS

Secara sederhana yang dimaksud dengan etika bisnis adalah cara-cara untuk melakukan kegiatan bisnis, yang mencakup seluruh aspek yang berkaitan dengan  individu,  perusahaan, industri dan juga masyarakat.

DESKRIMINASI GENDER

Diskriminasi pekerjaan adalah tindakan pembedaan, pengecualian, pengucilan, dan pembatasan yang dibuat atas dasar jenis kelamin, ras, agama, suku, orientasi seksual, dan lain sebagainya yang terjadi di tempat kerja.

KONFLIK SOSIAL

Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) konflik diartikan sebagai percekcokan, perselisihan atau pertentangan. Secara sosiologis, konflik diartikan sebagai suatu proses sosial antara dua orang atau lebih(atau juga kelompok) yang berusaha menyingkirkan pihak lain dengan cara menghancurkan atau membuatnya tak berdaya

MASALAH POLUSI

Pengertian polusi  atau juga pencemaran  secara umum  ialah terjadinya perubahan  faktor komposisi dari zat  kandungan  air  udara tanah dan lingkungan  yang  berakibat kualitas  dari zat tersebut menjadi berkurang atau tidak bisa lagi digunakan untuk diperuntukan  sebagaimana fungsi semestinya nya.