A. Affirmative Agreement
When indicating that one person pr thing
does something and then adding that another does the same. Use the word so or too.
To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the
conjunction and followed by a simple statement using so or too.
The order of this statement will depend on whether so or too is
used.
1.
When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of
the verb be is used in the simple statement that follows.
affirmative statement
(be) + and + subject + verb (be) + too
so
+ verb (be) + subject
e.g. I am happy. You are happy
-
I am happy and you are too
-
I am happy and so are you
2. When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb),
for example, will go, should do, has done, have written, must examine,
etc. occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in
the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree.
Affirmative statement
+ and + subject + auxiliary only + too
so
+ auxiliary only + subject
e.g. They will work in the lab tomorrow.
You will work in the lab tomorrow.
-
They will work in the lab tomorrow and you will too
-
They will work in the lab tomorrow and so will you
3. When any verb except be
appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliarydo, does,
or did is used in simple statement. The subject and verb must agree
and the tense must be the same.
Affirmative statement + and + subject +
do, does, or did + too
(single verb except
be) so + do, does,
or did + subject
e.g. Jane goes to that school. My sister
goes to school
-
Jane goes to school and my sister does too
-
Jane goes to school and so does my sister
B. Negative
Agreement
Either and Neither function
in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either
and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules
for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Negative statement + and + subject +
negative auxiliary or be + either
neither
+ positive auxiliary + subject
e.g. I didn’t see Mary this morning. John
didn’t see Mary this morning.
-
I didn’t see Mary this morning and John didn’t either
-
I didn’t see Mary this morning and neither did John
She
hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the movie yet.
-
she hasn’t seen the movie yet and I haven’t either
-
she hasn’t seen the movie yet and neither have .
C. Negation
To make a sentence negative, add the
negative particle not after the auxiliary or verb be. If there is no auxiliary
or be, add the appropriate form of do, does, or did and place in word not after
that.
e.g.
John is
rich John is
not rich
Mark has seen
Bill Mark has not seen Bill
The following examples contain no
auxiliary and thus use do, does, or did.
e.g.
Marvin likes spinach Marvin
does not like spinach
They went to
class They did not go to class
Some/any
If there is a noun in the complement of a
negative sentence, one should add the particle any before the noun.
Some affirmative
sentences
Any negative
sentences and question
e.g. John has some money
John doesn’t have any
money
Hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, etc.
Remember that in an English sentence it is
usually incorrect to have two negatives together. This is called a double
negative and is not acceptable in standard English. The following words have a
negative meaning and, thus, must be used with a positive verb
Hardly almost
nothing
Barely mean or
Scarcely almost
not at all
Rarely
Seldom mean almost
never
Hardly ever
e.g.
She scarcely remembers the accident (she
almost doesn’t remember the accident)
We seldom see phone of these animals (we
almost never see photos of these animals)
D. Commands
A command is an imperative statement. One
person orders another to do something. It can be preceded by please.
The understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the verb.
Close the
door leave the
room
Please turn off the
light Open your
book
Negative commands: A negative command is
formed by adding the word don’t before the verb.
Don’t close the door
Please don’t turn off the
light
Indirect commands: Usually the verbs order,
ask, tell, or say are used to indicate an indirect command. They are
followed by the infinitive (to + verb).
Jack asked Jill to
turn off the light
The policeman ordered the
suspect to be quite
Negative Indirect commands: to make an indirect
command negative, add the particle not before the infinitive.
Subject + verb +
complement + not + (verb in infinitive)
e.g.
The teacher told Christopher not
to open the window
Please tell Jeime not
to leave the room.
Referensi
:
http://fnflife.blogspot.com/2010/07/affirmative-negative-aggrement.html
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